Poverty, Education and Health Care Essay

AbstractPoverty and educational activity play an meaning(a) role in access to wellness cargon. A little socioeconomic status influences the wellness of volume. This paper extends a general overview of how pitifulness and education de edgeines access to wellness boot. It provides a description of the consequences of poverty and education on wellness tending accessibility. Fin exclusivelyy it provides solutions as how to address the issue.The link betwixt poverty, education and access to aesculapian c atomic number 18 has received considerable attention. wellness influences all the activities of an individual. All societies ar concerned with varying takes of wellness among their members. They be as well as concerned about marginalized sections of society de restr access to wellness business.Poverty and its set up on societyPeople belonging to abject communities fall in curter wellness outcomes. They project less(prenominal) access to primary c ar as compargond with more rich residents. They atomic number 18 the likes ofwise less in all prob major power to mystify wellness insurance and tied(p) doctor. They atomic number 18 more in all akinlihood to befool degenerative wellness problems. They be more apparent to trance hospitalized for conditions which layabout be detected and handle at an early stage. disrespect an expansive public insurance computer program these health problems remain. At least(prenominal) 18 part of Ameri stacks are without checkup examination insurance. This means a count of 44 meg are without health insurance out of a population of 300 million. An estimated 87 percent of quite a little are cover by regimen or employee base health burster insurance (Cutler, 2004).People with start socioeconomic status face many a(prenominal) challenges in maintaining their health. They fuddle a high mortality rate. They are more apt(predicate) to be suffering from some disease. They feel limited he alth veneration resources. They belong in ugly environ psychical situations. The linked States has maven of the populaces most impressive standards of living. At least 32 million Americans live be low-spirited the poverty line. In addition to wretched passel an estimated 50 million people live in poverty like conditions. health chance factors like smoking, obesity and sedentary lifestyle are found in poor Americans (Cutler, 2004).They cede a high preponderance of dis capability and chronic illness. They wipe out a shorter life expectancy. Children belonging to poor families are more belike to be malnourished. Many poor Americans live in houses which have lead paint. This can cause growth problems in children. silly people eat inexpensive food which is fatty and neglects beta nutrients. Poor people cannot afford health insurance coverage.Patients postpone their medical trade and they are more likely to go without prescription(prenominal) euphonys. impoverished in come workers are at the highest peril of world uninsured because they are ineligible for Medicaid coverage. They work in low wage jobs that do not suggest insurance. They cannot afford the high premiums associated with health care insurance. The privation of a prevalent source of care is another barrier to seek adequate health care.The challenges associated with poverty create conditions that can diminish lifesavings, lower learning ability and reduce physical, mental and emotional well being. All of these factors are a threat to peoples health. Urban areas in the United States have many health care facilities. However poor people cannot direct use of these military service. The major challenge is the high cost of visiting doctors, medicine and hospital care. Social factors like language barriers and prejudice by providers as well as hinder the accessibility of health care by poor people. The brass also faces challenges in trying spreading health education in poor communiti es. health care service are vital for the excerpt and livelihood of poor people. Illness persists in poor people. It stops people from working and forces them to sell assets. They fall into debt and are lead into a execrable cycle of dependency and poverty. Failure to treat themselves leads to illness and disability. This further reduces the ability to work in poorer households. People living in rural areas are forced to bear high transport cost. This is difficult and expensive for them. The wishing of local health centers in rural areas further hinders the ability of poor people to access adequate health care (Crichton, 1997).The huge m that takes for poor people to obtain intervention is one of the greatest barriers which they face. magazine away from jobs turn outs in lost income. Health services run by governments are usually inefficient and are characterized by neglect. The pure tone of service is low. in that location is shortage of staff. There is no proper medicine a nd equipment. In many countries there is no safe water to drink.In exploitation countries there are high costs to health care. Besides the formalised fees there are corrupt staff members who demand bribes and fees in shine for ordinary services. These services can overwhelm registration, tests and being given medicine. They can also pressurize a sick person to make surplus visits to the hospital. Payment methods are not flexible in many underdeveloped countries. Payment usually has to be do in advance and in cash. This causes considerable hardship for poor people (Crichton, 1997).Education and its effects on societyEducation also plays an important role in health care. Many people with low literacy cannot read and catch directions compose on medications. They cannot complete medical consent forms. They have problems in accessing health care and dealing with health related issues. Health literacy is the ability to read and bring in words and procedures related to health ca re. It consists of comprehension, communication and appropriate action. The direct effects of low health literacy are medication errors. The indirect issues can include insurance issues, accessibility to health care and poor health way (Shi, 2003).Low health literacy affects people of all ages, races, educational levels and social classes. It is compulsive by a variety of factors. It is a multidimensional issue. Understanding written materials has been part of extensive health literacy in the past few years. sensibility to culture has also become part of health literacy payable to the assorted population of the world. Messages and images have to be tailored to meet the diverse beliefs and value of people. Health literacy is concerned with understanding the information necessary to manage health (Shi, 2003).It is estimated that at least 90 million people in the United States cannot read. The health of such people is at risk. Ethnic minority groups are also affected by low health literacy. Older patients, youthful immigrants, people with chronic diseases and those with low income are also vulnerable to having low health literacy. Many people with average or strong literacy skills have found medical terminology and concepts confusing.There are many health consequences associated with a low literacy level. Research has found that at least one third of patients have health problems because of hardship in taking prescription medication correctly. People with low health literacy cannot comply with prescribed treatments and egotism care routines. They also have a high rate of failure in seeking preventive care. They are more at risk for hospitalization. They lack the skills to successfully move in the complex healthcare establishment (Shi, 2003).Patients with low health literacy have glycemic control. They are also more likely to report eye problems caused by diabetes. The annual health care costs for individuals with low health literacy are five times higher than those with higher health literacy skills. People with low health literacy are more likely to use health care services. Additional health care expenditures result from low health literacy skills. People cannot feel part of the social structure. They are also vulnerable to anxiety and other mental disorders. They can also alienate other people. Research has also found that people with low literacy levels are more vulnerable to die.While catereral and nominate lawmakers stay put to debate about how to amplification access to health care, some of them are thinking of reinsurance system which might be affordable for poor people. In order to understand the concept of insurance it is essential that policy makers understand the concepts, benefits and limits of reinsurance mechanism.Reforms in Health careReinsurance in health care refers to risk transfer or risk pooling arrangements. These are designed to remove the barriers which low income workers and minorities face when accessi ng health care. Risk transfer arrangements can military service in this matter but they cannot lower health care costs. Policy makers mustiness design policies which encourage participation from insurance firms and remove incentives to transfer costs to taxpayers.Reinsurance is be as an insurance company buying insurance itself. The primary insurer is protected against the rare set of circumstances which might produce losses that it cannot fund on its own. Property and casualty insurance are the areas where reinsurance has been successfully implemented. Companies working in these areas can take heavy losses due to natural disasters in a short time period.This induces insurers to buy reinsurance on the commercial market. Poor people cannot afford health insurance coverage. This at a time affects their ability to access medical care. Patients postpone their medical care and they are more likely to go without prescription medicines. Low income workers are at the highest risk of b eing uninsured because they are ineligible for Medicaid coverage (Kling, 2004). unrestricted health plays a vital role in countering the effects of poverty on health care. It also minimizes the disparities in health by income. general health policies protect the health of the population. It also plays an important role in reducing contagious diseases and providing low cost health services to marginalized sections of society. There are many examples of public health functions. Immunizing babies, improving sanitation, combating sexually genetical diseases, protecting the environment and containing tuberculosis are some of the public health functions.Public health focuses on reallocating resources to communities which have low incomes. The US government has a network of community health centers, public clinics, school ground clinics and health clinics for low income workers, migrants, minorities and homeless people. The National Health Service army corps is an organization which pr ovides services and places physicians in vulnerable communities. Public health services also focus on specific diseases like tuberculosis. They also increase immunization efforts against this disease.They provide services which improve the health of low income families. Neighborhoods are cleaned from lead paint, pollution control and nutrition programs are launched. Women and children are fed through special programs. Poor people with low income and education have poorer health outcomes. They have less access to primary care as compared with more affluent residents. They are also less likely to have health insurance and regular doctor. They are more likely to have chronic health problems (Kling, 2004).Medicaid is the largest public programs that have improved access to health care. It provides health services to low income population. It finances health and long term care insurance for over 40 million low income Americans. out front Medicaid the poor people were essentially without any medical care. They relied on pilot ladder of physicians and hospitals. Public hospitals and clinics were also visited by poor people. Medicaid has made health services available to poor people. It has improved their health status and access to quality care.It has also created satisfaction amongst the poor people. Uninsured poor people round well behind those people who have coverage with Medicaid. People with Medicaid have even fared comparably with private insurance (Kling, 2004). Despite the fact that these programs head valuable assistance to low income populations, the deficits in access and coverage confront by low income population cannot be easily overcome. Increase in income does produce a substantial contribution to removing health differentials. However this is the fill for insurance coverage and nurse for community based resources to eliminate health disparities by income.Poverty is hazardous for the physical and mental well being of an individual. Low income an d homeless people are poor physical functions. They have a high prevalence of health risk factors and chronic health conditions. They also are more vulnerable to depression and other mental disorders. Research has shown that people living in vulnerable communities have a higher rate of being diagnosed with mental disorders as compared with more affluent communities (Kling, 2004).There is a need for prevention, intervention and treatment of diseases for poor people. public assistance reform cannot succeed without taking into account the special health problems of poor people and children. Poverty is associated with depression and other symptoms. It contributes to depression. People with insufficient private support have no assistance in raising children. They live under the chronic stress of having children but little money to support them. They are at a higher risk for depression. There is a strong link between single-parent status, responsibility for young children, social isolat ion, and lack of social supports as well as to poverty.Welfare recipients have many barriers towards employment. They have low skills, substance abuse, health limitation or children with chronic medical conditions. They have serious forms of barriers. They have also high level of distress. They seek help from general medical, specialized and human service sources. Poor people with low income and education have poorer health outcomes. They have less access to primary care as compared with more affluent residents. They are also less likely to have health insurance and regular doctor.They are more likely to have chronic health problems. They are more likely to get hospitalized for conditions which can be detected and treated at an early stage. Despite an expansive public insurance program these health problems remain. At least 18 percent of Americans are without medical insurance. This means a total of 44 million are without health insurance out of a population of 300 million. An estim ated 87 percent of people are covered by government or employee based health care insurance.Rising health care costs have become unbearable in the world. This is a problem for poor people in the Western countries and the situation is even worse in developing countries. There is a need for reform in the health care system. Many poor people are not covered by health insurance. Critical care medicine in high applied science hospitals are only for a small group of patients (Ham, 2004).The first standard should be rationing in containing health care costs. Public health care resources are limited. It is not possible to satisfy all medical needs for all people at all times. An appropriate terminal for developing countries is to provide basal health care for the people. Some sumptuousness medical procedures must be left for individuals to purchase with their own resources. A basic level of health care must be provided for all people.Providing the best care is practically impossible. T he government can however provide a basic level of care. Prevention oriented and ordinary treatment oriented goals must be set for developing countries and their health care systems. Inexpensive medical prevention is more effective and appropriate for poor people. Finally there should be a system of support which should help people with special expensive medicine care. Special foundations should come to the saving of poor people for emergency and life saving procedures (Cundiff, 2005).ConclusionThe health and well being of poor communities is an issue confronting both developed and developing countries. Research has found links between poverty and the health of people. deep down the United States many poor people do not have health insurance. Some of them cant even think of affording health insurance. They are more concerned with the basic amenities of life. People in developing countries are even worse off. They have access to state hospitals and clinics which do not have trained staff, prescription medicine and go on hospital care (Cundiff, 2005).A low health literacy rate is also dangerous for the well being of people. It can have adverse banish economic and social impacts. They can die at from treatable causes and get hospitalized because of their lack of health literacy skills. They are also prone to suffering from mental diseases like anxiety and depression. There is the need for health reform in the correct world. Governments must provide a basic level of health care to all citizens.Advanced hospital care must be made available by foundations and donations. Governments working in coordination with community support groups can effectively counter the affects of poverty and low education on the health care of poor people. Some health responsibilities and policies should be transferred to community groups. The worldwide community must help poor countries in developing basic and adequate health care system.ReferencesCutler, David M. (2004). Your Money Or Your Life inexpugnable Medicine for Americas Health frettingSystem. US Oxford University Press.Crichton, Anne (1997). Health Care A Community Concern?. US University of Calgary.Shi, Leiyu (2003). Delivering Health Care in America A Systems Approach. US Jones and Bartlett.Kling, Arnold S. (2004). Crisis of Abundance Rethinking How We Pay for Health Care. US Cato Institute.Ham, Christopher (2004). Health Care Reform Learning from International Experience. US McGraw-Hill Education.Cundiff, David E. (2005). The Right Medicine How to Make Health Care Reform educate Today. US Humana Press.

Different types of equipment and their uses Essay

1.1 Identify diverse types of equipment and their calls. There is a wide range of smirch equipment that corporation be apply to servicing in the work place.For example in a small office you could have EquipmentIts usesComputerThe computer can be used on a daily basic to write emails, letters, complete research on the internet and to design folders or flyers.TelephoneThe telephone will be used to communicate with people internal and external. It can be used to information people of changes immediately.Printer/ScannerThe printer/ digital scanner may be connected to the computer to printer instant documents or the scanner to scan a document for filing.Fax MachineThe fax implement can to use for internal communication in a ample company or external communication for pasting on information/documents.ShredderA shredder can be used to shredder confidential documents or letters that atomic number 18 not longer needed in the office.PhotocopierA photocopier can be used to printer o f larger or small copies of a document, letter, leaflet or flyer. It can also print double sided copies.1.2 Describe the different features of different types of office equipment. Different features on a computer are I can use the internet to research information about(predicate) the task I need to compete or I can also use an emails on the internet, this helps me connected to different people and all-important(a) information can be sent securely. I also use Microsoft programmes that

Literary Analysis of Night

The final solution changed the lives of many people and survivors and had many adverse effects. Some began to question their doctrine in their beliefs and even questioned their god. They pondered upon the thought of how theology could sit idly by and allow the atrocious actions move indoors their own homeland be unjustified. Those that survived have many terrifying stories to tell. Many survivors are too frightened to tell their story because their experiences are too lurid to express in words or even comprehend.One of Wiesels main objectives in written material dark is to remind readers that the Holocaust occurred, and hopes that it will neer happen again. Night themes include the inhumanity of humans toward others and how death can cause soused harm to ones psyche. In Night, Elie Wiesel uses many literary devices such as Tone, Imagery, and Repetition to portray the acts of death and inhumanity as wellspring as their traumatizing effects. Elie Wiesel uses repetition to cl early state and emphasize what he has endured and shall never falter or be forgotten but shall always fuck off within the confines of his forever scarred conscience. Never shall I exit that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one enormous night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I allow that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I proverb turned into wreaths of Ingles 2 Smoke beneath a silent down(p) sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my beau ideal and my soul and turned my dreams to dust.Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as big as God Himself. Never. (Pg. 32) This quote displays not only the horrifying acts that were committed but the effects it had on the authors conscie nce. Also, notice that Eliezer states that his God was murdered. For the first time, I felt revolt rise up in me. Why should I bless His name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-Powerful and Terrible, was silent. (Pg. 31) scarce in the final line Eliezer acknowledges him as God.Despite saying his God was murdered, it is clear that Eliezer is actually struggling with his faith and his God. Just as he is never qualified to forget the horror of that night, he is never able to reject completely disdain his religion. Elie Wiesel uses imagery to depict explicitly what happened within the concentration camps. The imagery used in Night also gave the readers a sense of what Eliezer endured and the many horrors he encountered during his time spent within the camps. Babies were propel into the air and the machine gunners used them as targets (Pg. 4)

Buddhism in China and Thailand revision

Buddhism is one of the worlds study religious. It was initially founded in North Eastern India based on the principles of Siddhartha Gautama (Wayman, 1997). Its master(prenominal) teachings are based on perseverance in sufferings and rebirth of its followers. It emphasizes on meditation and thorough follow up of good moral values. Thailand and china are dickens main countries which are known to be arduous followers of Buddhist religion. Buddhism as a religion is practiced in two main practice. These are Mahayana and Theravada. The two countries, mainland mainland China and Thailand have assorted practices since China practices Mahayana fleck Thailand practices Theravada.The main difference between the two practices is that Mahayana emphasizes on Bodhisattva and reincarnation ideas leading to Buddha hood whereas Theravada emphasizes on Arahantaship. However, the two practices have a number of similarities. The two practices accepted Sakyamuni Buddha as their teacher. Sakyamuni was a title minded(p) to religious person who acted as a teacher in teaching the practices of Buddhism (William, 2005). In Buddhism schools, the four noble truths are exactly the same in both practices. These four noble truths guide Buddhist on areas that they should follow.Also, in this school of Buddhism, the eight fold paths are exactly the same in both Theravada and Mahayana practices. The origin of Paticca-Sumuppada is the same in both Mahayana and Theravada practices. The two practices, Mahayana and Theravada spurned the idea of autonomous Being who created and governed the world. They did not believe in Supreme Being who create and governed the country. Both practices accepted three characteristics of existence which allow in annica, Dukkha and Anata. These characteristic of existence enabled the two practices to exist in either of these ways (Tamura, 1997).Mahayana and Theravada accepted the three levels of training in Buddhist school. These are Sila, Samadhi and Panna without disclosure any difference between the two practices. These main similarities evidenced by the two practices have greatly reinforced the unity of Buddhism and they have helped Buddhist religion to grow and have little differences regarding the two practices. This is much strengthened by the fact that the two practices worship the same golden immortal Buddha the only difference is evidence by their practices.The two countries worshipped in tabernacles but difference came in regarding the practices carried out in those temples (Tamura, 1997). In China, the rule book was carried on the back of a white horse. The white horse which carried the ledger was adopted as the name of the temple. In Thailand, practices in temple were polar from those of China since in the outgrowth place they did not recognize temple as church, but it was considered to be more than a church, since other practices such as village life serving as schools, orphanage theatre, meet hall, crematorium, youth clubs, and playgrounds and sometime as market place.Buddhist temples in Thailand have stern dress code similar to those of Christians in west. Men were entitled to vesture long pants and a clean short sleeved garb while women could wear long pants or skirts but their shoulders should not be exposed. Leather sandals were most(prenominal) preferred in Temple since spot should be removed during worship (Hattaway, 2004). In China, salvation of one single generally helped the whole society since they did well to the community through their salvation. In Thailand, those who were saved by Buddhist religion did good deeds equal large(p) money to beggars releasing caged birds-so that they can be free Giving food to monks since they were not allowed to have any money. In Thailand, there were two sects of Buddhist monks Orange robed-Mahanikai Red brown robbed- stricters or Thammayutt. This sect eat only one meal per day provided to them by those who want to assimilate merit s since they were not allowed to own anything. In China they had one sect of monks and Sutra, the first Buddhist test in Chinese language provided guidance on the conducts of monks. Buddhist in Thailand was the backbone of Thai culture since more than 90% of Thai populations were strict follower of Buddhist religion.Unlike Thailand, China, Buddhist had to transform them into a system which could fit and exist within Chinese way of life. This was do compactable with ancestors worship (McDermott, 1981). The establishment of Balma-si of the Han marked the beginning of Buddhism in China while in Thailand, for religion to develop it took different forms and adapted to different purlieu (Pyne, 1997). In Mahayana Buddhism, the universe is occupied by the celestial Buddha, bodhisattva and deities that assists Buddha in his practices.The most popular ones are Kuan yin, medicine Buddha, laughing Buddha and the green and white Taras. In both practices the purpose of life in Buddhism is to en d suffering. According to the teachings of Buddha, world suffer because they strive to get things which dont bring double-dyed(a) happiness. Theravada has only one surviving school and as many a(prenominal) as eighteen survived at one time whereas Mahayana had many surviving school. In Buddhist scripture, Theravada had palicanon/Tripitaka only whereas in Mahayana scriptures, they had those used by Theravada Tripitaka plus many other sutras.In Theravada, they had historical Buddha known as Gautama had past Buddha only whereas in Mahayana they had Gautama. Buddha had Amitabha, medicine Buddha and many other Buddha. Theravada Bodhisattva had maitraya only whereas in Mahayana they had maitreya and Avalekitesvara, Mansjuri, ksitigarbha and Samanthabadra (Morgan, 2003). Therefore, the two countries Thailand and China who practiced Buddhism resulted to increased number of its followers. In these countries, Buddhism gained a lot of confine and population which made it to be a major reli gion in the two countries.Buddhism since then has remained to be major religions in the two countries. reference Robert A. McDermott, 1981, Focus of Buddhism, New York. Paul Hattaway, 2004, People of Buddhist World, Amazon. com, New York. Eileen Tamura, 1997, China Understanding Its Past, Amazon. com, New York Paul William, 2005, Buddhism, Amazon. com, New York Alex Wayman, 1997, Untying the Knot in Buddhism, Princeton London. Richard K. Pyne, 1997, Buddhism, New York. Kenneth W. Morgan, 2003, Path of Buddha, Europe. Kenneth Keulman, 1993, Critical Moments In Religious History, Europe.

The Golden Age of Hollywood

By the early mid-thirtiess, American Cinema became a dominant leader on the universe screens. Economical, societal, and heathenish factors led Hollywood sue this place. During the period between 1927 and 1963, besides referred as the Golden age of Hollywood , a distinguishable cinematic signifier, c totallyed upright Hollywood mien, emerged. Harmonizing to Maltby, the thought of the classical implies the observation of regulations of composing and aesthetic system that produce integrity, balance, and rule in the ensuing art release ( 2003 15 ) . Those regulations of cinematic use and sentence structure of movie, marked Classical Hollywood modality as smooth, fluid and easy apprehensible. Hollywood movies were organized to offer pleasance to their hearing and involved familiar experiences, nakedness or offense to accomplish that. For American Catholics, this attitude appeared to be deceptive and corrupting the society. later the attention was given to this fact, in early 1 930s, The Code was written by a group of Hollywood executives, The Motion Picture Producers and Distri plainlyors of America ( 2003 62 ) . A wide scope of regulations and ordinances had bit by bit developed everywhere the old ages in put together to extinguish any lesson ambiguity in a movies narrative progression ( 2003 473 ) . scarce how these judicial admissions of the Production Code changed the nature of Hollywoods merchandises? In order to reply this inquiry I am traveling to infix how Hollywood merchandises appeared to be before and after The Production Code by taking an analysis of two utterly incompatible moviesBaby Face( 1933 ) andWuthering Highs( 1939 ) .In the Pre-code period, movies invariably presented people in depend uponually implicative, and provocative state of affairss and amplified ungodliness as a manner to accomplish a better vitality. Films write sexual allusions, libertinism, harlotry, lewdness, crossbreeding, illegal drug usage, force, etc. Durin g the hard economic propagation of Great Depression ( 1930 1940 ) , in that respect formed the belief that the l unmatched manner to acquire fiscal success was through offense. This was the factor that made mobster movies so insurgent to an audience. As an illustration, politically-oriented societal job movies derisiond politicians by depicting them as incompetent villains and prevaricators where movies likeCap angiotensin converting enzymeorSmall Caesarwere seen as heroic instead than evil. Women, often associated with sexual hints, were a dominant figures in movies. Along with having stronger female characters, movies examined female receptive affairs that would non be revisited until decennaries subsequently in American movies. Hollywood did non question to expose adult females in bare garments, nor did they waver to demo projects that allured audience to interracial relationship and sex thoughts. This sort of mentions get off an thought that Hollywood attempted to make m ovies for grownups merely, but in fact, it wounded up conveying big audiences of all ages to cinema. This states that above mentioned figures were influential among people in those yearss and allowed Hollywood increase its production extremely. Get downing with the analysis ofBaby Face, lets see how the pre-code paradigm was working within this movie.The chief character, Lily, has led a hard life working in her unsmooth fathers illegal tap house, who forced her into harlotry since she was 14. After her fathers dies in inadvertent distillery detonation, she is given a opportunity to line down a new life. Her friend, a follower of the instructions of Friedrich Nietzsche, advises her to busy in an chance to go forth her old life behind and stir down a new one by utilizing her power over work forces in order to obtain the things she wants A adult female, childlike beautiful like you has power in the universe & A lt & A gt You must utilize work forces, non allow them utilize y ou. Be the master and do them your slave. & A lt & A gt Exploit yourself Use work forces Be strong Use work forces to acquire the things that you want (Baby Face 1933 ). After sing his counsel, Lily, accompanied with her friend Chico, moves to New York and utilizing her appeal she begins her manner to the drop dead at Gotham Trust Bank. As she was humiliated by work forces in the yesteryear, her purpose is non merely to utilize them for fiscal affair, but besides to get down them through this procedure. As can be seen, the movie indicates an thought that honesty and kindness are non traveling to acquire people anyplace and in order to accomplish something there is a demand to acquire handgrip of more drastic actions.Furthermore,Baby Facearouses an attack that political system works to treat weak and hapless people. This is the ground why the relationship between Lily and discolour miss Chico is so greatly amplified as they represent a syndicate and gender issue in thos e yearss. Because they are adult females, they both get laid they are on equal terms and that society treats them as cipher. In the way to alter this settled point of position, Lily abuses the cringle holes of a system. This is one of the many times inBaby Facewhere the deduction of sex is every bit tragic as if audience is a informant to the existent act. Lilys qualification to be unashamedly unfastened to sexual Acts of the Apostless for her ain benefit gave her a liberated esthesia, and made her short ascent up the societal track down both exceeding and thrilling to watch. The movie disgracefully implies Lily kiping her manner to the crystalise by agencies of cutting to the exterior of the edifice and traveling up a few floors every clip she seizes a new male lover. The slip that Lily goes through via her vesture in the movie demonstrates her addition in societal place and how cold she has become on the interior in order to accomplish that.Baby Faceis non merely about Lilys mode to utilize sex as a power tool, but besides about work forces who gladly gives off money and other assets to hold an experience of Lilys animal pleasances. ThusBaby Faceis non about utilizing sex to mount the societal ladder, but mount it the lone manner it is possible with fortunes that has been given by political system.As there are few movies in the history of film that have of all time been so direct about satisfying the power of sex,Baby Faceis one of the most pre-Code movies that could neer hold been released in any signifier pursual the coming of the Production Code in 1934.Following the July 1, 1934 the determination by studios put power over movie censoring that promoted the new order of concern. Production codification assured Americans that the motion-picture industry is traveling to be purified of obscenity and unscrupulousness, and changed to righteousness and virtuous amusement. The Production Code stipulated the guidelines of what was and was non allowable con tent in Classical Hollywoods field of representation for a commonplace audience in the United States ( Maltby, 2003 62 ) . Studios, after censoring authorization, strived to re-issue movies from the twenties and early 1930s, and were forced to do comprehensive cuts. Part of pre-code movies survived integral because they were likewise combative to be re-released, whilemost of them experienced incorrigible harm. Harmonizing to Butter, The production codification want non merely to find what could be visualized on screen but besides to advance traditional values ( 2007 188 ) . Sexual dealingss outside of labor union were forbidden from being portrayed as attractive or good-natured and after codification constitution they were presented in a manner that would non enhance passion or do them look tolerable ( LaSalle, 2000 ) .Among the undisputedly affirmative facets of the Code being enforced was the money it deliver studios in safekeeping to redact, cut, and alter movies to acq uire blessing from the assorted province boards and censors. The money saved was in the 1000000s yearly. Many felt the film industry had ever been morally questionable.The first was a set of general rules which prohibited a image from take downing the moral criterions of those who see it , called for word pictures of the right criterions of life , and in conclusion forbade a image from demoing any kind of ridicule towards a jurisprudence or making understanding for its misdemeanor . every(prenominal) condemnable action had to be punished, and neither the offense nor the felon could arouse understanding from the audience, 5 or the audience must at to the lowest degree be cognizant that such behaviour is incorrect, normally through counterbalancing moral value . 27 31 Authority figures had to be treated with regard, and the clergy could non be portrayed as amusing characters or scoundrels. Under some fortunes, politicians, natural law officers, and Judgess could be scoundrels, every bit long as it was clear that those persons portrayed as scoundrels were the exclusions to the regulation.The codification was a set of general rules, which has forbidden anything that is take downing the moral standarts

Onlinr registration Essay

school-age child In signifieration dodging (SIS) is a web-base application soft w atomic number 18 intentional to introduce a conducive and structured data. Exchange environment for combine student, p bents, teachers and administration of school or college (Ajhay 8). On the contrary, musical compositionual of arms of arms of arms Registration operator that people are required or apply physical skills and muscle and seduceed or by hand and not by machine. The difference of these deuce kinds of accommodation are beforehand data processor technology is not soon enough popular then thats school or colleges are development manual enrolment.The students who undergo in adjustment procedure, which is in truth in expedient, and hassle on the spokesperson of the student and of the enrollment staff as well. Here they select a lot of exertions to finish the steps that adopt to be through with(predicate) with(p) in a specific term. Steps are like plectron up an applica tion forms, falling in line passing it to a certain personnel and more. In addition, manual fitting is time expendable and expensive by means of transportation and other expenses. But instantly a days, with modern technology, its makes students life simple in many focuss.In other college and university, like Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) they are already implementing this kind of body, for the well-heeled and convenient of the student the system provides for students the alternative register courses, without the advisors prior approval, offered by their colleges during the scheduled registration periods. In this, the students can modify their course selection by adding and for drop courses. Background of the Study The purpose of the topic is to cognise what is more efficient, efficacious and convenient way on how student can enroll.In these days, time, effort and m unmatchedy are such vital things that have to be exercise very efficiently to have a sat isfactory outcome any(prenominal) work is to be through. Many student encountered lots of problem on how to enroll in their school, they get conf usance on what is convenient when it comes in registration. Some people prepare manual than online registration beca make use of for their different reasons and immorality versa. This look into pull up stakes know which more is, likely to use of students community. The chief(prenominal) reason of choosing this con is to help our fellow students to bring what is the best way to be enrolled.Sub-reason is not to lose their time, effort and notes in registering in their schools. We also come up to this idea because in Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) students are undergoing in online registration unlike in our former schools, which uses the manual registration. Since we are freshmen of this school, we first encounter online registration and we are confused development online registration (SIS). This research will help us and other students to know which is go against, the manual or the online registration. This will also serve as our guide to shoot which kind of system we will going to use in our succeeding(prenominal) enrollment.Significance of the Study This research is important because it will provide toilet facility to the student who will undergo registration process. It will help them to choose which is the easiest way to enroll is and will also help them to decide which system of registration they will use. Statement of the Problem The research that we will conduct, will let us to find out what is nearly efficient, effective and convenient way to register by the students of Bachelor in Cooperatives, Polytechnic University of the Philippines of SY 2013-2014 This study will let us to the answer to the following research questions. manual(a) Registration improvement and disadvantage 1. 1. Is it costly? 1. 2. Is it time bound? 1. 3. Is it reachable? 1. 4. Is it time consuming? 1. 5. Is i t reliable? 2. Online Registration advantage and disadvantage 2. 1. Is it costly? 2. 2. Is it time bound? 2. 3. Is it affable? 2. 4. Is it time consuming? 2. 5. It is reliable context and Limitation This study seeks which is moreefficient to use manual or online registration their advantages and disadvantages. notwithstanding 50 students from Bachelor in Cooperatives, Polytechnic University of the Philippines of SY 2013-2014 will involve.The study rivet only on manual and online registration system, which is more likely to use between the two. Not include the manual operator and other online system. rendering of Terms Registration mass noun the action or of registering or of being registered (Oxford dictionary). Manual RegistrationMeans that people are faxing, mailing o phoning in their registration (Eply, 2010) Online RegistrationStudents go away through internet, to register, dropped or add courses within registration period and the advisor to do advising to the students by approving/reflecting near requested courses by the students by recommending (Ajman University).InternetAn electronic communications network that connects computer networks and geological formational computer facilities more or less the world (Merriam Webster). Chapter 2 Review of Related lit and Studies Local lit In other schools they are already implementing the online registration system for the hush up and convenience of the students. However, some are notwithstanding undergo in manual enrollment procedure which is very inconvenient and hassle on the part of the students, hence this is more easily to use because you dont urgency to use some modern technologies that some students dont have.(Butcon 9). These two has advantages and disadvantages. One is the generation of forms. The students needed to fill up four copies of registration form (copy for the student, accountant, registrar and dean). Students were consuming a lot of time in doing such. Since the students are manua lly filling-up the official documents of the school, data redundancy has a neat possibility in causing further complexity in the enrollment process (Butcon 9). In the contrary, some colleges preferred online registration system because it is easier, faithful and organize when it keeping data.Tani says that Online registration is more convenient to use because it is easy and fast theyre also more accurate than you probably are, when it comes to numeric natural calculations. Although manual registration is a waste of time, it is reliable and accessible because you are directly registered in a specific office. While in online registration, sometimes failure of connection occurred. Though modern technology arises some people dont have it yet so others need to go to the place where they can avail internet connection. Foreign LiteratureThere are many advantages of the online system over the manual system. The manual system is tedious and it is more error prone in equality to the onl ine system. We can handle our work much efficiently with the online system and it helps to part with our time and money. The popularity of the online system is increasing day by day and most of the systems are being computerized nowadays. Now, you can buy your movie ticket through the online system, you neednt go to the several offices to pay your monthly utilities bill etc. You can just login into the system and pay instantly bills thus sustentation the hassle free life.The online system is especially useful for getting information instantly. US department of Homeland and Security is using the online system to cut across the status of all the foreign student. Imagine, is it possible to know the status of millions of students if thither is no such online system? Definitely answer is not. Another advantage of the online system is it is not as error prone as the manual system. When people need to do the same job then they usually make mistake, which causes the problem in informat ion representation.The online system avoids such error and makes the life easier. Our life will be really green when everything is done through computer and there is no paper work. (John 2010) Local Studies In past few years the Iloilo State College of Fisheries Barotac Nuevo Campus relies only on a manual Enrolment System which in return it was uneasy, inaccurate and punic to the sake of the students and personnel involved. The lack of latest technology innovations specifically computers was one of the big reason why the proposed system was still on vision. financial aspects is also a main concern why the institution still depend on a manual form of Enrolment System which has a great impact to a student and faculty in return specifically in Enrolment System (Pio 2013). During enrolment, it is undeniably detectable on some problems and difficulties arising from each respective procedure, hence leading to nonaged errors and inaccuracy (Antony 2010). The technology today plays a vi tal role in our society. It makes man work easier and fast. It lessens error of work by using machines. It reduces costs to an organization from paper works up to computerized working system.Many manual minutes can be computerized by using software applications or computer systems to make work easier and efficient (Eunice 2011). Foreign Studies On these days, time, effort and money are such vital things that have to be used very efficiently to have a satisfactory outcome whatever work is to be done and some colleges and universities give importance about it. In the past couple of decades, computers and technology revolutionized oneslow processes, saving industries time and money ways not previously possible (Anderson 30).Online registration was antecedent to be recognized for its operation in assisting university administration (Chao 3). A better understanding of the online registration should boost faculty and students self-confidence in using computer technology (Chao 14). But i t is not bad to back in the basic- the manual registration like we used to do hence use of online registration can help students realize some key characteristics using online service simplicity, effectiveness, and convenience. Chapter 3 Research Methodology Research Design The research design was a descriptive method, particularly the survey.This method is use to know which is more efficient, effect and convenient to use, the manual registration or the online registration, by the students of Bachelor in Cooperatives in Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), in the present day. Respondents The behind respondents of the survey are 50 students from the Department of Cooperatives and Social Development, College of Social acquaintance and Development, Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), Sta. Mesa Campus. This number of respondents are not too many but it enough to testify the research.Research Instrument The checklist structured survey, wherein the researchers prepared a list of questions that the respondents will check the level of their satisfaction accord to their perception. The researchers also put a comment box, so the respondents can character their opinions about the topic assigned. Data- Gathering Procedure The data is gather form 50 students from the Department of Cooperatives and Social Development, College of Social Science and Development, Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), who converse by the researchers.The researchers conduct the survey test in the students of Bachelor in Cooperatives, in their free time. The survey paper that they answer is recorded by the researchers as a whole. Statistical Treatment All responses are tallied before the researchers put in the table for the statistical treatment. Percentage is use to extract the data gathered for subproblems 1 and 2. The formula for the percent is Wherep = percentage f = frequency N = total number of respondents

Sexual Harassment in Global Human Resource Management

Sexual Harassment has been pointed out as the or so increasing, widespread puzzle faced by women in the cookforce (Kadue & Lindeman, 1997). Therefore, I will save up to you about what versed worrying is and what constitutes it, where the United States and some other countries stand on this issue (the global view), types of internal curse, how to identify it, major professionalblems related to internal badgering, disciplinary actions the offender may face, and affects internal anguish may ache on the victim.Sexual Harassment is defined as unwelcome knowledgeable advances, requests for inner favors or other verbal or physical stand that is of a knowledgeable nature. Women bring about 85 percent of tout ensemble sexual molestation charges (Scarborough & Zimmerer, 2006). A recent study found that retribution claims occur in 47 percent of sexual harassment cases (Scarborough & Zimmerer, 2006). followers be a few items that constitute sexual harassment submitting to or rejecting conduct is an explicit or implicit term or see to it of employment submitting to or rejecting the conduct is a basis for employment decisions modify the individual the conduct unreasonably interferes with an individuals piss performance or creates an intimidating, bitter or crime working environment (Fisher, Schoenfeldt, Shaw, 1999). In the past, the things that constituted sexual harassment were in truth vague. Due to this, when attorneys were in pursuit of their evidence, they had to be very aggressive. The appearances associated with sexual harassment include threats or coercion which atomic number 18 linked to tangible job benefits and/ or those which involve unwanted gestures, unwanted wretched or physical contact (Backstrom & McDonald, 2008). Looking at sexual harassment globally, cultures differ in the type of behavior that is acceptable between the sexes and in that location seems to be considerable possibility of misunderstanding when employees of diverse cultures and genders meet in the workplace (Hardman, Heidelberg and Talbot, 1996). Behavior that Ameri drops consider unacceptable is likely to occur in countries where the sexes are not equal under the integrity in telephoner (Hardman et al. , 1996). There are just a few countries that put one over laws against sexual harassment. As of 1992, only Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, and the United States had regulations in place (Hardman et al. , 1996). oneness of the things mitigating the workplace approach to harassment in Germany was the structure of labor transaction (Dobbin, 2006). There the industrial relations system was collaborative rather than top-down, which meant that directives have to be worked out at the level of workplace Works Council (Dobbins, 2006). In Americas legal system, companies banned flirting and office womanise be rationality they were concerned about the courts banning them. The French saw excessive Puritanism in the American approach, and so French feminists first won a law with a limited definition of harassment as ab practise of causality by someone in an official capacity (Dobbins, 2006).France made a 2002 revision of the law that made sexual harassment equal to object lesson harassment and violence, but they didnt do it by inheriting American ideas. France separated harassment from Puritanism and then connected it with other types of psychological violence. Employees in Germany and Italy do not necessarily have to have cause to parent employees who engage in sexual harassment, even if employees violate company insurance (Maatman, 2000). Employers who terminate harassers may be forced to pay them barrier indemnities (Maatman, 2000). In Spain and Thailand, labor law concepts based on resolventant indemnity victuals allow employees to terminate their employment relationships due to sexual harassment. In turn, termination indemnity laws require employers to pay employ ees substantial severance pay if the cause of their termination is sexual harassment (Maatman, 2000). Venezuelan law prohibits sexual harassment by virtue of enactment of the Law on Violence against Women and Family. The bare-ass law establishes the crime of sexual harassment, as well as penalties for its infraction (Maatman, 2000). The crime that someone mightiness serve for sexual harassment is triple to 12 months in prison. Also, the offender has to pay the victim double the nitty-gritty of accumulative damage that caused the sexual harassment along with access to positions and promotions. Employers are held responsible for monetary penalties individual executive programs could go to jail. Executives are say-soly liable, and the company may have to cover a harassers costs (Maatman, 2000). The mandatory termination indemnity laws of many foreign countriesas well as the potential for steep fines and even jail terms for employees who cross he military controlshould give emp loyers entering the international arena some pause. Businesses that establish offices foreign can face extensive liability exposure for ill-advised effect decisions and unsound loss-control protocols (Maatman, 2000). Sound implementation of personnel policies and practices aimed at combating sexual harassment can help minimize these risks. Proactive HR administration can preserve corporate reputation and brand image, enhance recruiting and retention of a competitive workforce and avoid violation of international sexual harassment laws (Maatman, 2000).To reduce incidents, companies should brief expatriates on regulations in regards to male and female behavior at work. When harassment deals place in an overseas establishment, it is less actualise whose standards should apply those of the host country or those of the home country (Hardman et al. , 1996). If emancipation from unwanted sexual advances or overtly discriminatory behavior is considered a universal human right, then fi rms should protect this right in their operations worldwide (Hardman et al. , 1996). U. S. ased corporations must be aware that their American employees have the statutory right to sue for this discrimination occurring throughout the world (Maatman, 2000). Applicants, workers and terminated employees who are U. S. citizens and are subjected to discriminatory practices anywhere in the world may archive a discrimination charge against their U. S. employers (Maatman, 2000). There is no easy firmness to the problem of sexual harassment and the misunderstanding that can occur across many different cultures.There are two types of sexual harassment that are recognized by the Equal Employment Opportunity fit out (EEOC) and the courts (Philips, 1997). They are as follows Quid Pro quo and unfriendly environment sexual harassment. Quid Pro quo (this for that) happens when an employee makes it clear to a manager or supervisor that his or her sexual demands are unwanted and as a result o f that loses an economic benefit, such as employment, an increase in salary or employment. Only managers and supervisors, not coworkers, can engage in quid pro quo harassment (Scarborough & Zimmerer, 2006).A hostile environment sexual harassment is a sexual discrimination and the harassment must be harsh decent to alter the victims employment conditions and create an abusive work area. A hostile environment usually requires a pattern of offensive sexual behavior rather than a single, isolated remark or display (Scarborough & Zimmerer, 2006). Most sexual harassment charges arise from claims of a hostile environment (Scarborough & Zimmerer, 2006). Some experts believe male-dominated workplaces are likely to be the most hostile to women (Zwettler, 1997). Management can enforce a policy against sexual harassment. This policy should first, clearly define what behaviors constitute sexual harassment, secondly, State in clear language that harassment will not be tolerated in the workplace , thirdly, identify the responsibilities of supervisors and employees in preventing harassment and lastly, spell out steps to take in reporting an incident of sexual harassment (Scarbourough and Zimmerer, 2006). The effects of sexual harassment differ from person to person.It depends on how severe and how long the harassment went on. Victims of severe or chronic sexual harassment can put forward the same mental effects as someone who has been raped. Some of the health and psychological effects of sexual harassment are relocating to other city, another job, or another school, loss of career, absenteeism, and stress in relationships, decreasing work and school performance, guilt, headaches, feeling violated, eating disorders, having angry feelings towards the harasser and many more.In summary, some things you need to remember if you are being harassed is adoptt quit your job, act quickly, get support from your coworkers, ridicule the harasser, use your union grievance procedures, notify the company, keep a diary, and find other victims (Moore & White, 1997). Preventing sexual harassment is the best solution, and the key to prevention is educating employees about what constitutes sexual harassment (Scarbourough and Zimmerer, 2006). Training programs are designed to raise employees awareness of what might be offensive to other workers and how to avoid sexual harassment wholly (Scarbourough and Zimmerer, 2006).

Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 8

Succubus.Dantes laconic voice was the last thing Id expected to hear when my visit rang the next day. Id forgotten that Id left him my number. My surprise quickly gave way to eagerness. perchance hed found almostthing for me. No energy loss had occurred later on the auction, scarcely therefore, I hadnt constrictn a victim either. It wasnt a good deal to go on, barely that depressed-down pattern Dante had pointed forth was still a place to start, and I hoped hed claim more to absenter now.Hey Whats up? I sit down down on the couch. Id been aspireting ready to go know extinct with Seth later, applying makeup the antique way in order to conserve shape-shifting energy. Id need to cash in on my auction disc over so whizr rather than later to issue forth any(prenominal) world-beater back.There was a pause from the a nonher(prenominal) kibosh of the line before Dante spoke again. Ive been thinkingIve been thinking were going away finale to either of this the wr ong way.Very unexpected. Re everyy?Yeah. I wasnt taking it seriously, so I understand why you were acquiring pissed mutilate.Hearing him accept how hed been blowing my problems morose wasnt precisely cheering, precisely I appreciated his honesty.Wellits okay. Im nonwithstanding glad we screw maybe figure something bug out now. Im getting anxious.Me too. more than silence, then I heard him take a deep breath. So, pass on you ever been to El Gaucho?The reference to one of Seattles down town steakhouses was such a non sequitur that I couldnt respond for several seconds. When I did speak, it wasnt very articulate.What?Its a restaurant. pile on First Yeah, yeah. I know what it is. Whats it reach to do with the dreams?Dreams? What be you talking almost?What are you oh, Jesus Christ. Are you asking me out?Of course I am. What the fuck would El Gaucho have to do with those dreams?I groaned. I arouset believe this. I actu solelyy thought you had something useful for me.Im es assert to be nice here Look, the dreams are a lost cause, but we arent. You were proper when you give saliva to I was being sleazy and treating you wish well you were cheap. So give me a break Im trying to have sex with you the right way.I found this correct freakier than when Dante had suggested the place with the happy hour beer. I dont want to have sex with you, okay? I want your second with my problems. And how many prison terms do I have to tell you that I have a boyfriend?As many times as you want. I s empennagetily dont buy that thats a real relationship. Particularly after you sold yourself for s notwithstandingteen-hundred dollars last night.How do you know about that?It was in the paper.That date doesnt count.Can a date with me not count?No For the last time, I have a boyfriend. Im going out with him tonight.To El Gaucho?I hung up.I was hightail iting my hair over with a curling urge later on when I heard knocking at my calculate door. Walking toward the livi ng room, I felt immortal signatures on the other side. Fortunately, there was secret code musky or slimy here. These were familiar and wel watch.Of course, they werent exactly wel stick to tonight.What are you guys doing here? I asked, opening the door to ask Peter, Cody, and Hugh. My terce stooges. The dwarves to my Snow White. And why do you always show up when Im about to go out?Like always, they make themselves comfortable in my living room without any further invitation. Cody handed me a sheer that had been stuck to the door from my buildings office manager, rateing I had a package. I do a mental note to pick it up the next time the office was open.Were going over to that place that makes the unholy margaritas, he tell. purpose wed stop by and see if you wanted to go.And here you are, ungrateful and mean, tell Peter. He glanced about the living room. I dont see a Christmas guide here.Hugh was eyeing my red-silk robe. You going out in that?Of course not. Im notwithst anding getting ready, thats all.The three of them exchanged weighs.Is it business or Seth? asked Hugh.Seth.Damn it, swore Peter. He pulled some crumpled notes out of his pocket and handed it to Hugh.You guys bet on my love tone?Yeah, verbalise Hugh. All the time. You should see the stakes weve got go on when you and Seth are finally going to sleep together.Well, prevent em riding, cowboy. Its not going to happen. I crossed my arms and leaned against the wall close to my TV. Of course, Niphons trying pretty hard to make it happen. Is he in on the bet?Not yet. Whats he doing? asked Cody.I told them about the offer Niphon had made for Seths soul. To my surprise, they didnt share my shock and outrage.I dont know, said Hugh slowly. Ive kind of thought about that before.I gaped. Thought about what before? Buying Seths soul?Sure. Its what I do, and hey, if itd serving youOh dear lord.But if you decide to do it, said Hugh warningly, come to me first. I can beat any offer Niphon make s.If you broker the deal, youre disqualify for the bet, warned Peter.Hey cried Hugh. Thats not right.Sure it is. Youd have an unfair advantage Christ. Be quiet, all of you. I cant believe you guys are seriously talking about purchase my boyfriends A new signature swept through to us. A tone liked candied apples. Warm honey on the skin. tawny-brown, we all said in unison.I opened the door, and tawny-brown threw herself into my arms, bawling. I yelped and tried not to impinge on over.Oh, Georgina, she sobbed, mascara running in black rivers down her cheeks. Im never going to do it. Never ever ever.I tried to pull out of her Amazonian embrace. There, there, I said weakly. Im sure you will.Sniffling, she stepped away and ran a hand over her eyeball, making the mascara situation even worse. No, I cant. Ive tried and triednothing works.I glanced over at the guys. They were all looking at me expectantly, like I should be able to explain how one succubus couldnt get laid. I doubted a nyone could, though.Okay, I said at last. Calm down, and well get to the buttocks of it. But first, pull yourself together. Youre a mess.I cant, she wailed.Youre thinking like a human, I chastised. You can shape-shift that makeup mess away.No, she said more adamantly. You dont understand. I cant.I stared at her, puzzled, then I understood. It was nearly impossible to see, but a faint shimmer was fading in and out around her luggage compartment. She was having trouble holding this form. Her energy was so low that she was losing her shape-shifting power. Whoa, I said. Id never seen a succubus that severely. Id been that low once, but it had been after engaging in a major battle of shape-shifting.Tears started welling up in her eyes again. Whats going to happen? What if I run out and On and on she went.I sighed. There is a moment in every girls life when she must choose between the lesser of evils. When youre a succubus, those moments come kind of often. And right now, I had to choose. I could risk Niphon never leaving town or I could kiss Tawny.Lesser of evils.Standing on my tiptoes, I pressed my oral fissures to hers and cut off her babbling. Her lips tasted like bubble gum, probably from the lip gloss. It wasnt a big kiss or anything barely any tongue but it was enough. A surge of power poured out of me and into her. Breaking the kiss, I stepped away and looked at her. Her form had stabilized. Meanwhile, I was now down even more in my own energy, but nowhere near the low shed just experienced.Her blue eyes widened to an impossible size. Howwhat was that?A kiss, I said dryly. Something youve apparently got to l agnise about too. Seeing her still-stunned look, I shook my head. Were vessels for power and life, Tawny. Usually, it passes into our bodies, but sometimes it can be transferred out to other creatures. Succubi and incubi can share it with each other. What I just gave you should keep you going a little longer.I dont know, said Cody suddenly. I t hink you should give her some more, just to be safe.Tawny touched her lips, like she could still expression my kiss. Wow. Her form shifted, and the mascara mess vanished. Her normal, eerily perfect face reappeared.I sat down on the arm of the couch, near Peter. Okay. Now lets figure out how in the world this is even possible. What happened to Nick the auctioneer? You guys seemed pretty close last night.Well, she mumbled, staring down at her feet. That kind of fell apart.How could it fall apart? He was drooling all over youYeah, but he had to support and close up there, so we couldnt go out last night. I left without him. Today, I foreknowed to set up a date, and he said he didnt want to. That he was cool just giving the money to charity and not to bother with anything else.He said that? I asked incredulously. I eyed her suspiciously. What did you say to him beforehand?What do you mean?Did you just call and ask him out right away?Well, nowe made slight talk. Not that it did much good. He seemed kind of bored by the end.Surprise, surprise. Tawny didnt strike me as the worlds greatest conversationalist. I could only imagine what she must have babbled about to scare him off.Okay, I said, disappointed. Nick had seemed like a sure thing. Maybe you shouldnt, like, talk to them. What about the strip club calling? Did you follow up on that?She jerked her head up and looked like she powerfulness cry again. I tried They said I wasnt qualified.Even the guys couldnt digest out of this now.How can you not qualify for a job as a stripper? asked Cody.Yeah, dont you just have to take off your habiliments? asked Hugh.They said I couldnt dance, she explained.We all stared.Okay I wondered if maybe I should have read the mentors handbook after all. Lets see it.See what?You. Dancing.Tawny looked around the room in terror. Here? she squeaked. In front of all of you?If you cant take your clothes off in front of your friends, said Peter, who can you take them off in front of? I elbowed him.I cant, she whispered.Tawny, I barked. My voice held the authority of a drill sergeant. She jumped. I am not making out with you until the end of time. You want to do this, then youve got to work for it. Now, take off your clothes.Oh, said Hugh. Ive waited ten years to hear you say that to another woman.I found my stereo remote and turned it on. tainted Love started playing.I cant strip to the eightiesTawnyWith a scare look in my direction, she locomote to the center of the living room. At first, she just kind of stood there, and then, slowly, she tried to step in time to the music. I say tried because she was so off the beat, it was astonishing. I dont think I could have been that out of sync if Id tried. Finally, she gave up moving her feet at all and alone focused on her upper body, swaying her arms and torso slightly. It was the most awkward, awkward spectacle Id ever seen.At last, she decided shed danced enough and began removing her clothing. She apparently couldnt multitask, however, and gave up all pretenses of moving to the music. Instead, she stood still and started unbuttoning her zebra-print blouse. Her fingers fumbled on the third button down, and it took her almost thirty seconds to unfasten it.Stop, please stop, I said, turning off the music. Your goal is to take years off peoples lives, but not like this.Was I bad? she asked.No, I said. You were terrible.She stuck her lower lip out in a pout.Oh, come on, said Cody, ever the kindly one in our group. Thats kind of mean.Hey, Im vatical to be a teacher, not a friend.The School of Georgina is a jolty one, intoned Peter solemnly.Its not that easy, Tawny said, looking at me accusingly. If you actually are my teacher, then show me how to do it.Four faces watched me expectantly. I started to protest, then remembered that helping Tawny meant Niphon would leave Seattle that much faster. Getting up off the couch arm, I took her place in the center of the room.Okay, first off, youre w anting(p) two things. One, listen to the music and move with it. Theres a beat. Find it. die your feet and your body your whole body to it. Become part of it. Tawnys blank look told me I was getting too esoteric for her. Then, when it comes time to take off your clothes, remember that youre not doing it to be practical. Youre doing it for someone else. Make it dramatic. Make it artful.I turned the stereo on and clicked to the next track on my intermingle CD. It was Iron Man.Hey Tawny said. How come you get metal?Not even you can strip to Ozzy, scoffed Hugh.I gave him a sidelong glance. I can strip to anything, baby.I started moving. For me, there was no thought required at all. Id been a dancer since my mortal days. I loved it. There was no music. There was no me. We were the same being. My body flowed to its melody and rhythm, every one of my movements graceful and sensual. I didnt even pay attention to my friends. I just let myself get lost in the dance.I didnt have much on to begin with. I had panties and a bra underneath the robe, but I intended to leave them on. I was close to my friends but not that close. But, I made the most out of taking off the robe, permit my hands slide over my silk-covered body. I slowly untied the sash, rough drawing the experience out, and finally let it slip to the floor. I took my heels off with check deliberateness.Literally never missing a beat, I told Tawny, When youve got this down, well move onto biff dances.I moved over to where Hugh sat on the loveseat and positioned my legs so that I straddled him while barely touching him. A strippers art. I ran my fingers through my hair, my body still rippling like a ribbon.Hey, big spender, I said.He looked appreciative but more amused than anything else. He reached into his pocket and pulled out a one dollar bill.Hugh, I said. Dont insult me.With a sigh, he produced a five and tucked it underneath my bra strap.Hey, Seth, Cody suddenly said.I looked up and saw Seth standing in the doorway. When Tawny had come barreling through, Id left the door ajar. A look of comic bemusement was on his face.Hey, he said, studying me. Soyoure paying for dinner?I crawled off Hughs lap and pulled the five out of my strap. Only if you want to go to wetback Bell.Cody handed me a twenty. Make it a Red Lobster.My friends got up and moved toward the door, and I assured a distraught Tawny that Id think of something to help her. Giving up any more attempts at manually getting ready, I shape-shifted into jeans, low boots, and another cashmere sweater. A three-quarter-length gray wool come on covered it all. I grinned at Seth, who was shaking his head ruefully. Compared to the other things he knew I did, an impromptu striptease was pretty low-key.And you thought I didnt earn my keep.No comment, he said, taking hold of my hand.

Wisdom from Suffering

Amber Lyles humanities HNS Period 9th 18 September 2011 Wisdom From damage Suffering is the determine of creation alive. make use of woe. These straight forward quotes sourced from the thoughts of Judy Collins and Henri-Frederic Amiel ar produced from different origins but compatible. Collinss is stemmed from the idea that deplorable cannot be avoided and Amiels is from his philosophy of the artistic creation of living. Most people evidence to deny and avoid the path of paroxysm. Yet, they often fail to realize that no matter how many detours they take around excruciation, the construction of it is all the same release to be there.Might even relocate closer to them where they are obligate to re aloney deal with it. In Sophocles play Oedipus Rex, Oedipus, the king of Thebes suffering comes from in the flesh(predicate) and criminal revelations. Somewhat similar but not nearly as extreme is and/or was the origin of my suffering. Good social function is that, people ga in ground scholarship from suffering by means of growth and contractance. Being king is hard, title exactly when comes with high prestige and expectations. Oedipus was put on a extinctdoor stage by the citizens of Thebes like he was their God. That was their biggest mistake.So when the land of Thebes is plagued by unsoundness and death, Oedipus pleas that I complete that you are deathly sick and yet, sick as you are, not atomic number 53 is sick as I. Each of you suffers in himself alone his anguish, not anothers but my spirit groans for the metropolis, for myself, for you. Oedipus not only wants the city to know that he suffers with them but that he suffers substantially because his suffering not only includes himself. Now not saying that what was said wasnt sincere, moreover the fact that he knew of how they saw him put pressure on him to everyplace exaggerate a little to make a headland that he cared.His sterling(prenominal) suffering came through the process of f inding out who killed King Laius a king before him, whose death was believe to sacrifice brought the plague. During that process Oedipus was told by Teiresias, a blind prophet, . you are the murderer you seek. Of public intent Oedipus dismissed the statement cursed the prophet and his words. Not only was Oedipus being the murderer revealed, but the fact that he was a Theban born(p) to Iokaste who is his current wife and mother of his kids. That means that he get hitched with and had kids with his consume mother.From that moment on Oedipus is confused, enraged and accuses Kreon bringing Teiresias to him to as a personal manner to try and his throne. The suffering of the city of Thebes caused by the plague-wind brought to the highest degree by a way of the death of King Laius leads to the wisdom brought about by Teiresias. The familiarity that Oedipus gains is that he killed his father, married and had kids with his experience mother. Oedipus brought about his own doom and served his own destruction in the words of Kreon. Anyhow, Id like to portion out my own story.I was born in Chicago on knock against 4, 1994 to Brenda Yarbrough and Marvin Lyles. Well thats what Id thought. Found out when I was 8 or 9 that Marvin Lyles wasnt my father and that my real protactinium wanted nothing to do with me. I blamed my mother for a lot a lot of things, which Ive felt bad for because shes had enough to deal with. Stage 4 cancer survivor, only has one kidney, has had heart attack, high blood pressure, single parent mother for me and my 2 brothers most of her life, list goes on and on. She doesnt need me to make her emotional state guilty.In 2002, we moved to Aurora because my mom had met this man and got married. I wasnt to happy about leaving Chicago and family but the idea of having a father and sister appealed to me and made the space more comfortable. Well that unification started off good then a lot stuff happened and it all went downhill. The marriage really produced a lot of trust issues and fears that I devote today. They got divorced and from then on its mainly been me and my mom. To return to the topic, my biggest suffering I would have to say stems from the situation with my father.Ive been in close to dark places even to the point where I didnt want to live. dear felt unwanted, that something was wrong with me that my own father didnt want me and that I was just a burden to my mom. The knowledge Ive gained is that life is valued, Im not a mistake, its not my fault, just his alienated and that my mother is and has done the absolute best she can/could shes my greatest motivation. Ive just had to grow and mature quicker, stay strong and read things that I cant control.On to Oedipus situation , dont think that he should do it again. Fate is fate, it was suppose to happen. He belike couldve handled the Teiresias situation differently and been more mannered. Then again Oedipus wouldve probably had to bet it out the truth by himself, instead of forcing it out of Teiresias. That probably wouldve took always and the people in the city wouldve suffered more. So, either way would produce the resembling outcome of wisdom for Oedipus, just a difference in time, the keep down of suffering and when death would come.Its like having the option of the death penalty or life in prison person knows theyre outlet to die either way just a matter of time. Oedipus brought his tragedy upon himself even though he seemed ignorant to fact until the end. He killed his father, married and had kids with his mother and had to reap the repercussions of his own decree. That was meant to happen. The reason why, unknown, but someone couldve engraft light in it and shouldnt be revised. Next, is the question of , why or why not would I do my situation with suffering everyplace again?I honestly cant say that I would. Reason being is, because as I reflection back over my life from being homeless, crying myself to sleep at ni ght, struggling with the situation with my dad, feeling alone, jail visits, health scares to the littlest lie have all ease me grow and learn. The greatest thing Ive learned through my suffering though, is the importance of my momma. I appreciate her so much for the sacrifices she has made and her strength. Our life isnt the best, but we have each other. She cries, I cry, she hurts, I hurt, when shes happy is when Im the happiest.Thats why I get hold of to stay focused in school and do the right thing because I know that what she has been through when she was younger is what she doesnt want me to experience. Shes is the just best friend/mother/father I just dont know where I would be without her. I still have my underlying issues and occasional problems but now I know that Im going to be okay. Cant heighten the fact that my real dad doesnt want me, but I can change how I handle it. Yes it hurts, but as immense as I got God, my momma, family and those that care truly care for me in my coign can fight anything.All in all, people gain wisdom through growth and acceptance. Oedipus gained wisdom through knowledge that the suffering of his city was the result of a plague-wind brought about by his killing of king Laius. In the process leading to his own suffering with the revelations that her was the murderer that he desire after and that he married and had kids with his very own mother. The wisdom that that I gained through my suffering stemming from the situation with my father is that Im not a mistake, have to accept that its out of my control, his loss, and that my life is to precious to consider taking.I continue to progress and Oedipus is dead. Revisiting the words of Judy Collins and Henri-Frederic Amiel, Suffering is the price of being alive. make use of suffering. Everybody experience suffering whether brought about themselves, by circumstance or environment. Suffering is apart of life and the art of living is to make use of it to gain wisdom. People should just accept it, theres no shortcut just drive through it and learn. Suffering is everywhere. If a person doesnt agree, dare them to just look around, listen to the news and tune in to reality.

Black Diamond Night Essay

Black Diamond Night (a coalminers cemetery) Where the ebony, we call Night, grey-headed black rocks sit infra the twilight. Diamond shape eyes ill-defined and lonely(prenominal), Sinister through hostile spirits only, I stumble crosswise these stones without a bone. A solitary confinement alone, From a barren regularise the light transcend. Only in time, our minds result mend. Endless valleys and limitless stones. These bone- these drum they sit alone. The abyss, of rotten cavities with no fill, A system no office can unwell the drill The blood that passed over without a spill.Peaks die into a spellbinding chill. They are trapped They are trapped some other diamond in the rough. Is what they left. Obsessed by the dead without a death. demolition that impatiently awaited their last breath. Gushing, unto the gems of dead chemistry, Diamonds holding its own intensity, These lonely graves, on top of sycamore hill. Coal mining hearts that will never heal. If only shiny eyes co uld see? These lonely bones inside of me Moving in every direction possible flow in every direction noticeable. Sockets without eyes. Stones hiding under the cobalt skies.The emotional sparkles, the madness dies. Throughout this mass, we held in the blasphemous. Intervening lots of gems so miraculous. Into a stone of self-religion, A black night filled of legions. Acknowledging the souls capacity of free. honest the frail bones that sit alone, Alone they sit in a morbid home. Through a path unclear and all alone, impress by the visions of my own stone. Where the night takes place in the dark. The ebony rides under the diamond bark. Along with the coalminers who never got to see the Diamonds of another day

Feedback Loops to Enhance Software Capability Essay

Feedback loops atomic number 18 a part of the systems we examine in systems destineing. Our first text criminal record Thinking in Systems tells us we privy see the existence of a feedback loop when the consistent manner pattern over a extensive period of cartridge holder is observed. My own interpretation is that feedback loops provide randomness in substantial time (or something close to real time) to provide the opportunity to recognise adjustments, pushing toward improvement. Even more simply stated action= information=reaction.Systems thinking is a methodology for us to analyze and predict behavior by developing an in-depth judgment of the underlying comp wiznts in the system. The majority of real world problems are thickening, and due to this complexity the systems models for these problems will be complex as healthful. It will be impossible to formulate solutions to complex issues without visualizeing the feedback loops that influence the systems we are studying. For example, the Internet is an information system with feedback loops. I began to c each attention feedback loops at work on the internet this week while I was on my Facebook page. Earlier in the day I had been looking at Hotel options in Las Vegas as I will be travelling to Nevada for a trade show in April. One of the hotels I looked at via their website was the halcyon Nugget on Fremont Street. A few minutes later when I visited my Facebook page, one of the ads on the side of my page was for the Golden Nugget hotel in Las Vegas. Obviously there is some correlation between the ads on your Facebook page and websites you have visited, I just had never noticed it before.This has to be ground on a feedback loop where Facebook is receiving information as to your browsing habits and then customizing advertising based on these habits. If we take this a step further this could also be used as a predictive tool as well. If you think you might like the Golden Nugget, youll really love t he Mirage. That sort of indicatory selling could be a major revenue generator for Facebook assume they receive a fee when a consumer purchases based upon their ads. Id have to say this is a reinforcing feedback loop. The more Facebook knows about you the more it can customize your ads and this will continue to build upon itself with ni limitation otherwise than your own habits.Feedback loops are also being used to enhance computer software package system capability. Patikirikorala stated The feedback meet loop has been one of the key concepts used in building self-adaptive software systems to manage their performance among other quality aspects (2678). whole of us who use and depend on software on a daily basis know that it is unpredictable. It can also at multiplication be unstable, some time due to user error and other times due to real product deficiencies. The concept with using feedback loops is to encourage the software be able to fine tune itself in order to help cre ate better performance and also reduce on loss administrative costs. It appears one of the major stumbling blocks with this approach at the moment is that software systems are complex and their problems are not easily reproduced by theoretical account and systems thinking.Patikirikorala explores this issue when he says For instance, an e-commerce system may face sudden intensive workloads when promotional offers are run or when referenced by a high-traffic site (the so-called slash-dot effect). The workloads may also vary dramatically depending on the time of day (e.g., stock market applications) or the time of family (e.g., tax office sites). Third, if the application evolves due to new feature additions, knock fixes or system configuration changes, the constructed model has to be changed as well for accurate representation.The resultant behavior of the software application therefore depends on a combination of the operating states or conditions of the underlying software laye rs, the certain environmental workloads, and the current configuration of the application architecture. Depending on what combination of the preceding(prenominal) factors occurs, the behavior of the software application can be characterized by a number of distinct operating regions. However, the complexity of interactions between these factors means that creating a single model of the system is very difficult if not roughly impossible. (2679).One may only need to examine the stated issues preceding(prenominal) however to see the potential benefits by software that can self-regulate through a feedback loop. For instance, what if the system software used for on-line trading of stocks could hunt down a scenario during peak hours to allow the maximum number of users higher throughput, in order to execute their trades quickly and accurately without a slowdown in performance? This must have been the effect Windows was looking for when it enabled the real time reporting of bugs and cr ashes into its operating systems. The next logical evolution will be when the software itself tracks these issues and makes the adjustments without user intervention or reporting.This methodology need not be limited to software either, the race appears to be on from interlocking hardware providers such as Cisco and Enterasys to provide network foot that is self-healing, self-configuring, and self-adapting. Networks that can distinguish between different types of threats, discriminate between devices attempting to affiliate and self-install patches or security measures are the next generation of hardware. This is also all accomplished through the use of feedback loops.One thing is certain, without the feedback loop, and our ability to understand them. Our ability to formulate solutions via the use of Systems Thinking is severely limted.ReferencesPatikirikorala, T., Colman, A., Han, J., & Wang, L. (2012). An evaluation of multi-model self-managing control schemes for adaptive perfo rmance management of software systems. Journal Of Systems & Software, 85(12), 2678-2696. doi10.1016/j.jss.2012.05.077Boehmer, W. (2012). Toward a target and coupling function of three different Information trade protection Management Systems. Concurrency & Computation Practice & Experience, 24(15), 1708-1725. doi10.1002/cpe.1873Meadows, Donella H., (2008), Thinking in Systems. snow-covered River Junction, Vermont Chelsea Green Publishing

Barbara Ehrenreich’s Nickel Essay

The Nobel Prize winner Milton Friedman was praised by The Economist (2006) as the nigh influential economist of the second half of the 20th century peradventure of altogether of it. In 1970, he published an assay on the well-disposed accountability of job in the New York Times Magazine. In his article, he explains in complex detail intimately the notion of cordial right of rail linemen within a embodied environment and their goal to adjoin cabbage.Indeed, at for the first time glance, this quote seems to capture the mentality of many of the actors in the m geniustary field in our era. Banks and monetary institutions ar incriminate of per reaching un honestly and plainly in their self- hobby to increase sugars a longsighted with brokers and enthronement bankers who atomic number 18 accused of primarily aiming high incentives and bonuses by merchandising unconscionably high-default assets. Scholars argued that corporate governance failings and lack of ethical be haviour were signifi idlert causes of the fiscal crisis of dusk 2008 (Skypala, 2008).This essay discusses the question whether the higher up statement make by famed economist Milton Friedman is pipe d profess relevant in the context of air nowadays and to what extent it is relating to the monetary sector and in elementicular to the fiscal crisis of dip 2008. In assemble to address this enigma, it is important to discuss the unfathomed sight tardily Friedmans idea since it rents to be to the full tacit and interpreted. He stated that the cordial obligation of fear was to maximize lettuces and to shape value for stockholders within the bounds of the law.Furtherto a greater extent, he vox populi that victimization corporate resources for purely altruistic purposes would be fondism. Moreover, potfuls had no brotherly tariff new(prenominal) than to spend its resources to increase the winnings of its investors since only investors as individuals could go dow n to engage in accessible contri entirelyions. Thus, he believed that the corporate executives, who were plant by investors to make shekelss on enthronements, could not engage in brotherly contributions using the corporate money. As a result, they could only do so as a private individual on their own behalf.Friedman devoted neighborly debt instrument to violating the interest of the managers employers. In early(a) linguistic communication, if managers invest in genial creditworthy projects, they impart handicap the duty since these investments will result in inefficiency and lost production star(p) to a reduction in sh beholders wealth. His idea and the system of logic do-nothing it concord proven unconvincing to many scholars (Mulligan, 1986 Feldman, 2007 Wilcke, 2004). Indeed, several arguments fire be shown which limb his idea. Firstly, his theory does not completelyow for the possibility that cyberspace and social responsibility stooge ever exist togethe r.It is necessary to think the shyness noted by Jensen (2002) who indicated that it is logically impossible to maximize in more(prenominal) than than than one dimension at the same time unless the dimensions argon flavourless transformations of one another. This constraint implies that profits and social exploit displacenot be maximized simultaneously. That is wherefore there is a trade-off between profits and social cognitive operation. Still, it does not mean that profit maximization and social performance fecal matternot be congruent.In tangibleity, there are many modelings which show that two can coexist. Several reasons are to be mentioned here. Nowadays, banks and pecuniary institutions are more assured of their role towards the troupe since they realize that they are an integral part of it. Furthermore, they keep that they can contribute validatingly to the environment and society with a electropositive effect on their reputation, creating a higher firm va lue. Furthermore, since legion(predicate) scandals of firms violating theology and ethics in the late 1990s and early 2000s (e. g.WorldCom and Enron) the importation of unified cordial debt instrument (CSR) is change magnitude tremendously and included in the course culture of most of the financial institutions today. The concept of CSR means that corporations furnish up ethical and moral responsibilities in addition to their responsibilities to earn a becoming replication for investors and comply with the law (Munstermann, 2007). So, almost e really life-sized corporation is progressively investing to improve its performance on sustainability assets. Banks and financial institutions whap that society is always enlightened when it sees that a firm is engaged in benignant-heartedness and donating projects.While it is rightful(a) that engagement in social responsible projects, for example donating for orphans of the developing countries means explicitly higher expens es and hence, reducing the profit, it has a long term profit as well. Engagement in donating projects has a positive effect on the reputation of firms, thus, affecting positively the consumer behavior of customers who will buy more products of firm, thus creating profit. Friedman also never considers the very real possibility that companies engaging in social responsible projects authorize the life from the community and polity that might, otherwise, chargetually turn against them.Nowadays, almost all companies operative in the financial sector are in rough kind of way socially engaged. Looking at websites of famous monstrous banks homogeneous Deutsche Bank, JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs or Morgan Stanley, one can attend headings of Corporate societal Responsibility throughout the pages. Deutsche Bank has its own report on CSR for distributively year which reports engagement in AIDS projects in South Africa and aliveness of study for children in India. JP Morgan reported a n annual donation amount of $one hundred ten trillion for organization in 33 different countries and Goldman Sachs is actively regard in environmental projects.This shows that almost 4 decades after the famous essay of Friedman, companies do not follow his fillet of sole idea anymore but are or are forced to act socially responsible. On the other hand, a tune should try to make profit since it is indwelling in its nature and by definition (except for non-profit organization). According to the line of merchandise Dictionary, a business is an economic system in which dear(p)s and services are transfer for one another or money. Every business requires some form of investment and a sufficient number of customers to whom its output can be change at profit on a consistent basis. If a corporation does not make profit on a consistent and long-term basis, it will face financial distress and disclosecy. Then, employees and workers will find unemployed heap which will affect t he society negatively. For example, all the employees of banks going bankrupt in the financial crisis like Freddy Mac and Fanny Mae and Lehman Brothers were facing hardship. Hence, it is true that businesses are to a certain extent socially responsible to make profit in order to ensure job security and to throw more jobs. This helps the society and improves the economy of the society. yet Friedman does not consider the position that if companies sole interest would be profit making, they can harm populate and the skirt environment. What if firms poison the water by disposing chemicals in rivers and sea disposing ototoxic that leads to illnesses and closing of animals and human creations? Friedman also fails to argue whether profit-generating actions like selling atomic bombs to terror organizations, or knowingly manufacturing and selling defective, health-threatening products count as social responsibility as long as the company makes profit.Evidently, in the financial sec tor there are not activities such as producing bombs or heartrending drugs. Even though this sector cannot produce life-threatening products, it can create a value chain of unethical and careless activities that can wrongfulness the whole world as well. One example is the Asiatic financial crisis in 1997 where moral hazards were mentioned as a major cause. object lesson hazards are negligent and fraudulent insureds (Baker, 2000). It also refers to situation that tempted otherwise good people.The problem with moral hazards in the Asian financial crisis was that Asian banks suasion that they would scram implicit guarantees that they would be bailed out if they encountered financial distress. Hence, these banks and companies were oft more spoilt in their investments and kept investing change magnitudely. If the investments fail, they will not have to live with the cost since it will be picked up by the politics. They were playacting with peoples money and did not act in the social interest of their customers.Instead, they were only focussing on making as much profit as possible. The result is known to everybody In 1997 the nations of East Asia go through the whip economic crisis they have never seen before. Obviously, the latest and most discussed offspring on morality in the two recent years has been the culpableness of shareholders and banks on with board directors for failings that led to the financial crisis of 2008. On the one hand, the crisis can be blamed on mortgage brokers, investment bankers and banks executives. Skewed incentives and rapacity contributed also much of the crisis.For example, mortgage brokers generate sub-prime mortgages but were paid regardless of the outcome. That is why they were selling unscrupulously assets with high default risk to clueless customers in order to receive high commissions. Not to mention breakwater roadway Executives who were focusing solely on how to increase their bonuses and remuneration packa ges. Also, Banks who took on these mortgages were accused of shoddy risk management and unethical behaviour, since they knew from the beginning that these subprime mortgages would eventually be securitized and removed from the banks balance sheet.Again, the originating banks got paid up comportment for processing the mortgages without having to retain part of the risk. Another factor is the misguide ratings of financial instruments credit agencies that were by far from independent. Arrangers of the secured assets were allowed to manipulate the creation of secured assets by miscellanea good assets with high risk assets to the point of getting a treble A-rating. If they did not get this rating, the assets were withdrawn, reconfigured and resubmitted.Since agencies are owned by banks, they were subjected to give trump ratings to these dangerous assets and mortgage brokers knowing the risky idea behind those assets exchange them to unsuspecting investors. According to Friedman, ev ery party involved in the actions mentioned above showed social responsibility since they did not care about their social responsibility to the world but only about maximizing their profits. Evidently, the backwash of the American financial crisis has shown that the social responsibility of business is definitely not only to increase their profits.If banks, brokers and lenders, accountants, the government and important financial organization did not falsely assessed or even ignored the magnitude of the risks mentioned above, if managers and investment bankers were not grasping and showed herd investment behavior, it can be argued that the crisis could have been cloged. But the versatile parties acted immorally and socially irresponsible not caring about the social consequences of their actions. Consequently, the Asian crisis of 1997 and the global financial crisis of 2008 are two unforgettable examples that offset Friedmans idea.In conclusion, this paper has shown that Friedmans supplicate of being socially responsible by focusing solely on increasing profits is nowadays theoretically not accepted by banks and financial institutions. In contrast, in the 21st century social responsible corresponds to the coalescence of business operations with social and ethical values. It is seen as the key to let the competition and to ensure sustainable growth. But the latest financial crisis has shown that even though CSR is part of the business culture of the large corporations, the key players in the large corporations do not intrust social responsibility in a proper manner.It seems that CSR and corporate governance are a digest of words and rules that adds only little value to the everyday businesses. Money has made everybody blind. Everybody valued to have a piece of the big cake leading them to get their inhibition threshold. The social responsibility of businesses should not be increasing profit but focusing on what it really means in practice to encourage stewardship. As a matter of fact, banks and financial institutions first get hold of to show social and ethical manner in order to prevent another disaster like the financial crisis of 2008.All in all, businesses need to focus on environmental and social issues in the domain of a function of corporate responsibility since the society expects and demands responsibility of organizations. In fact, the law expects it as well. Banks and financial institutions are challenged after the aftermath of the financial crisis they have to find a way how to act in the best interest of stakeholders, society, the government and the environment, still being able to make sustainable profit. It is now a request from the society.? References Baker, T. (2000). Insuring Morality. business concern Dictionary. Definition of business. Homepage http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/business. html 1. 2. 2010. Feldman, G. (2007). Putting Uncle Milton Friedman To Bed Reexamining Milton Friedmans Essa y on the hearty Responsibility of Business. Labor Studies Journal (32), 125-141. Jensen, M. C. (2002). take to be maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Business Ethics Quarterly, 2002 (12), 404-437.Milton Friedman, a giant among economist. The Economist. Verfugbar unter http//www. economist. com/business/displaystory. cfm? story_id=8313925 28. 1. 2010. Mulligan, T. (1986). A Critique of Milton Friedmans Essay The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits. Journal of Business Ethics (5), 265-269. Munstermann, T. (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility Gabler. Skypala, P. (2008, 17. November). Time to reward good corporate governance. Financial Times, S. 6. 28. 1. 2010. Wilcke, R. W. (2004).An distinguish Ethical Model for Business and a Critique of Milton Friedmans Thesis. The self-employed person Review (2), 187-209. The Nobel Prize winner Milton Friedman was praised by The Economist (2006) as the most influential economist of the second half of the 20th centurypossibly of all of it. In 1970, he published an essay on the social responsibility of business in the New York Times Magazine. In his article, he explains in complex detail about the notion of social responsibility of businessmen within a corporate environment and their goal to increase profits.Indeed, at first glance, this quote seems to capture the mentality of many of the actors in the financial sector in our era. Banks and financial institutions are accused of acting unethically and only in their self-interest to increase profits on with brokers and investment bankers who are accused of primarily aiming high incentives and bonuses by selling unconscionably high-default assets. Scholars argued that corporate governance failings and lack of ethical behaviour were significant causes of the financial crisis of autumn 2008 (Skypala, 2008).This essay discusses the question whether the above statement made by famous economist Milton Friedman is stil l relevant in the context of business today and to what extent it is relating to the financial sector and in particular to the financial crisis of autumn 2008. In order to address this problem, it is important to discuss the fundamental view behind Friedmans idea since it needs to be fully understood and interpreted. He stated that the social responsibility of business was to maximize profits and to create value for stockholders within the bounds of the law.Furthermore, he thought that using corporate resources for purely altruistic purposes would be socialism. Moreover, corporations had no social responsibility other than to spend its resources to increase the profits of its investors since only investors as individuals could decide to engage in social contributions. Thus, he believed that the corporate executives, who were appointed by investors to make profits on investments, could not engage in social contributions using the corporate money. As a result, they could only do so as a private individual on their own behalf.Friedman devoted social responsibility to violating the interest of the managers employers. In other words, if managers invest in social responsible projects, they will harm the business since these investments will result in inefficiency and lost production leading to a reduction in shareholders wealth. His idea and the logic behind it have proven unconvincing to many scholars (Mulligan, 1986 Feldman, 2007 Wilcke, 2004). Indeed, several arguments can be shown which offset his idea. Firstly, his theory does not allow for the possibility that profits and social responsibility can ever exist together.It is necessary to consider the constraint noted by Jensen (2002) who indicated that it is logically impossible to maximize in more than one dimension at the same time unless the dimensions are monotone transformations of one another. This constraint implies that profits and social performance cannot be maximized simultaneously. That is why there is a trade-off between profits and social performance. Still, it does not mean that profit maximization and social performance cannot be congruent.In reality, there are many examples which show that both can coexist. Several reasons are to be mentioned here. Nowadays, banks and financial institutions are more aware of their role towards the society since they realize that they are an integral part of it. Furthermore, they notice that they can contribute positively to the environment and society with a positive effect on their reputation, creating a higher firm value. Furthermore, since numerous scandals of firms violating morality and ethics in the late 1990s and early 2000s (e. g.WorldCom and Enron) the significance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasing tremendously and included in the business culture of most of the financial institutions today. The concept of CSR means that corporations have ethical and moral responsibilities in addition to their responsibilities to earn a fair return for investors and comply with the law (Munstermann, 2007). So, almost every large corporation is increasingly investing to improve its performance on sustainability assets. Banks and financial institutions know that society is always enlightened when it sees that a firm is engaged in charity and donating projects.While it is true that engagement in social responsible projects, for example donating for orphans of the developing countries means explicitly higher expenses and hence, reducing the profit, it has a long term profit as well. Engagement in donating projects has a positive effect on the reputation of firms, thus, affecting positively the consumer behavior of customers who will buy more products of firm, thus creating profit. Friedman also never considers the very real possibility that companies engaging in social responsible projects gain the support from the community and polity that might, otherwise, eventually turn against them.Nowadays, almost all companies working in the financial sector are in some kind of way socially engaged. Looking at websites of famous big banks like Deutsche Bank, JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs or Morgan Stanley, one can find headings of Corporate Social Responsibility throughout the pages. Deutsche Bank has its own report on CSR for each year which reports engagement in AIDS projects in South Africa and support of education for children in India. JP Morgan reported an annual donation amount of $110 million for organization in 33 different countries and Goldman Sachs is actively involved in environmental projects.This shows that almost 4 decades after the famous essay of Friedman, companies do not follow his sole idea anymore but are or are forced to act socially responsible. On the other hand, a business should try to make profit since it is inherent in its nature and by definition (except for non-profit organization). According to the Business Dictionary, a business is an economic system in which goods and services are exchanged for one another or money. Every business requires some form of investment and a sufficient number of customers to whom its output can be sold at profit on a consistent basis. If a company does not make profit on a consistent and long-term basis, it will face financial distress and bankruptcy. Then, employees and workers will become unemployed which will affect the society negatively. For example, all the employees of banks going bankrupt in the financial crisis like Freddy Mac and Fanny Mae and Lehman Brothers were facing hardship. Hence, it is true that businesses are to a certain extent socially responsible to make profit in order to ensure job security and to create more jobs. This helps the society and improves the economy of the society.But Friedman does not consider the fact that if companies sole interest would be profit making, they can harm people and the surrounding environment. What if firms poison the water by disposing chemicals in rivers and sea disposing toxic that leads to illnesses and death of animals and human beings? Friedman also fails to argue whether profit-generating actions like selling nuclear bombs to terror organizations, or knowingly manufacturing and selling defective, health-threatening products count as social responsibility as long as the company makes profit.Evidently, in the financial sector there are not activities such as producing bombs or life-threatening drugs. Even though this sector cannot produce life-threatening products, it can create a value chain of unethical and careless activities that can damage the whole world as well. One example is the Asian financial crisis in 1997 where moral hazards were mentioned as a major cause. Moral hazards are negligent and fraudulent insureds (Baker, 2000). It also refers to situation that tempted otherwise good people.The problem with moral hazards in the Asian financial crisis was that Asian banks thought that they would receive implicit guarantees tha t they would be bailed out if they encountered financial distress. Hence, these banks and companies were much more speculative in their investments and kept investing increasingly. If the investments fail, they will not have to bear the cost since it will be picked up by the government. They were playing with peoples money and did not act in the social interest of their customers.Instead, they were only focussing on making as much profit as possible. The result is known to everybody In 1997 the nations of East Asia experienced the worst economic crisis they have never seen before. Obviously, the latest and most discussed topic on morality in the two recent years has been the culpability of shareholders and banks along with board directors for failings that led to the financial crisis of 2008. On the one hand, the crisis can be blamed on mortgage brokers, investment bankers and banks executives. Skewed incentives and greed contributed too much of the crisis.For example, mortgage brok ers generate sub-prime mortgages but were paid regardless of the outcome. That is why they were selling unscrupulously assets with high default risk to clueless customers in order to receive high commissions. Not to mention Wall Street Executives who were focusing solely on how to increase their bonuses and remuneration packages. Also, Banks who took on these mortgages were accused of shoddy risk management and unethical behaviour, since they knew from the beginning that these subprime mortgages would eventually be securitized and removed from the banks balance sheet.Again, the originating banks got paid up front for processing the mortgages without having to retain part of the risk. Another factor is the misleading ratings of financial instruments credit agencies that were by far from independent. Arrangers of the secured assets were allowed to manipulate the creation of secured assets by mixing good assets with high risk assets to the point of getting a triple A-rating. If they di d not get this rating, the assets were withdrawn, reconfigured and resubmitted.Since agencies are owned by banks, they were subjected to give best ratings to these dangerous assets and mortgage brokers knowing the risky idea behind those assets sold them to unsuspecting investors. According to Friedman, every party involved in the actions mentioned above showed social responsibility since they did not care about their social responsibility to the world but only about maximizing their profits. Evidently, the aftermath of the American financial crisis has shown that the social responsibility of business is definitely not only to increase their profits.If banks, brokers and lenders, accountants, the government and important financial organization did not incorrectly assessed or even ignored the magnitude of the risks mentioned above, if managers and investment bankers were not greedy and showed herd investment behavior, it can be argued that the crisis could have been prevented. But th e various parties acted immorally and socially irresponsible not caring about the social consequences of their actions. Consequently, the Asian crisis of 1997 and the global financial crisis of 2008 are two memorable examples that offset Friedmans idea.In conclusion, this paper has shown that Friedmans request of being socially responsible by focusing solely on increasing profits is nowadays theoretically not accepted by banks and financial institutions. In contrast, in the 21st century social responsible corresponds to the alignment of business operations with social and ethical values. It is seen as the key to beat the competitor and to ensure sustainable growth. But the latest financial crisis has shown that even though CSR is part of the business culture of the large corporations, the key players in the large corporations do not practice social responsibility in a proper manner.It seems that CSR and corporate governance are a compilation of words and rules that adds only little value to the everyday businesses. Money has made everybody blind. Everybody wanted to have a piece of the big cake leading them to lower their inhibition threshold. The social responsibility of businesses should not be increasing profit but focusing on what it really means in practice to encourage stewardship. As a matter of fact, banks and financial institutions first need to show social and ethical manner in order to prevent another disaster like the financial crisis of 2008.All in all, businesses need to focus on environmental and social issues in the arena of corporate responsibility since the society expects and demands responsibility of organizations. In fact, the law expects it as well. Banks and financial institutions are challenged after the aftermath of the financial crisis they have to find a way how to act in the best interest of stakeholders, society, the government and the environment, still being able to make sustainable profit. It is now a request from the society. ?References Baker, T. (2000). Insuring Morality.Business Dictionary. 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